to

[tuːˌ tə] 1. prep

1) (usu) do +gen

to go to Germany — jechać (pojechać perf) do Niemiec

to count to ten — liczyć (policzyć perf) do dziesięciu

the key to the front door — klucz do drzwi frontowych

A is to B as C is to D — A ma się do B tak jak C do D

three goals to two — trzy do dwóch

to the left/right — na lewo/prawo

she is secretary to the director — jest sekretarką dyrektora

30 miles to the gallon — 1 galon na 30 mil

2) (with expressions of time) za +acc

a quarter to five — za kwadrans or za piętnaście piąta

3) (introducing indirect object)

to give sth to sb — dawać (dać perf) coś komuś

to talk to sb — rozmawiać (porozmawiać perf) z kimś

to cause damage to sth — uszkadzać (uszkodzić perf) coś

to be a danger to sb/sth — stanowić zagrożenie dla kogoś/czegoś

to carry out repairs to sth — wykonywać naprawy czegoś

4) (purpose, result)

to come to sb's aid — przychodzić (przyjść perf) komuś z pomocą

to sentence sb to death — skazywać (skazać perf) kogoś na śmierć

to my surprise — ku m(oj)emu zdziwieniu

2. prep, with verb

1) (simple infinitive)

to eat — jeść (zjeść perf)

to want to sleep — chcieć spać

2) (with verb omitted)

I don't want to — nie chcę

you ought to — powinieneś

3) (purpose, result) żeby, (a)by

I did it to help you — zrobiłem to, żeby or aby ci pomóc

he came to see you — przyszedł (, żeby) się z tobą zobaczyć

4) (equivalent to relative clause)

he has a lot to lose — ma wiele do stracenia

I have things to do — jestem zajęta

the main thing is to try — najważniejsza rzecz to spróbować

5) (after adjective etc) żeby, (a)by

too old/young to … — za stary/młody, żeby +infin

ready to go — gotowy do drogi

3. adv

to push/pull the door to — przymykać (przymknąć perf) drzwi

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1. [tə,tu] preposition

1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) do, na

2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) do

3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) (aż) do

4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) do, z

5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) do, na

6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) na

7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) od, do, w stosunku do

8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) ku, na

9) ([tə] used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) ażeby, by

10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.)

2. [tu:] adverb

1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) do zamknięcia

2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).)

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- to and fro